Química da argamassa de cal do século XIX num Tabique Pampango (Wattle-and-Daub) das Filipinas

Autores

  • Jan-Michael Cayme Chemistry Department De La Salle University, Manila Philippines

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37558/gec.v21i1.1034

Palavras-chave:

argamassa, wattle-and-daub, tabique Pampango, XRF, XRD, FTIR, TGA, análise de peneira, Filipinas

Resumo

Neste estudo é relatada a caracterização química de um revestimento de argamassa de cal espessa num método de construção de paredes nas Filipinas, denominado tabique Pampango, ou método wattle-and-daub. O material de argamassa de um convento da igreja do período colonial Espanhol do século XIX em Loboc, Bohol, foi analisado mediante Fluorescência de raios X (XRF), Difração de raios X (XRD), Espectroscopia de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR), análise termogravimétrica (TGA) e análise de peneira. Estas análises demonstram que o material é composto por um aglutinante amplamente calcítico com minerais argilosos presentes de forma natural na na matéria-prima ou solos argilosos adicionados intencionalmente. A presença de minerais argilosos tornou o aglutinante hidráulico ou endurecido por meio da adição de água. Os agregados de tamanho fino são abundantes, tornando-o adequado para aplicações que não suportam carga. Este estudo proporcionou uma base química sobre as técnicas de construção empregues durante o período colonial nas Filipinas, que é útil para o avanço do trabalho de conservação e para o conhecimento histórico local.

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.

Biografia Autor

Jan-Michael Cayme, Chemistry Department De La Salle University, Manila Philippines

Jan Michael C. Cayme is an assistant professorial lecturer at the Chemistry Department of the De La Salle University, Manila, a licensed chemist in the Philippines, holder of a Masters’ Degree in Chemistry and completing a Ph.D. in Chemistry at the University of the Philippines, Diliman. He has several peer-reviewed publications in local and international scientific journals on the chemical analysis of colonial period-built materials in the Philippines. As a faculty member of the Chemistry Department at the De La Salle University, Manila, and The Graduate School of the University of Santo Tomas, he initiated the teaching of advanced analytical chemistry techniques with a focus on cultural heritage for chemistry majors and a general scientific approach to chemistry and cultural heritage for non-science majors. He is also a former field cultural researcher of the Institute of Philippine Culture at the Ateneo de Manila University, documenting the architectural styles and history of pre-World War 2 structures in Metro Manila.

Referências

AMICONE, S., CROCE, E., CATELLANO, L., VEZZOLI, G. (2020). “Building Forcello: Etruscan wattle-and -daub technique in the Po Plain (Bagnolo San Vito, Mantua, Northern Italy”, Archaeometry, 62(3):521-537. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/arcm.12535. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.12535

ANING, J., UY, J.R. (2013). “Destruction of heritage churches lamented”. Philippine Daily Inquirer https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/507871/destruction-of-heritage-churches-lamented. [accessed: 3/30/2021].

BOYD, W.E., PARR, J.F. (2007). “XXIV. Geochemical analysis of fragments of burnt and impressed clay (daub) from the archaeological layers at Noen U-Loke, and the determination of its probable origin”. In: The origins of the civilizations of Angkor: The excavation of Noen U-Loke and Non Muang Kao (Vol. II), Higham, C.F.W., Kijngam, A., Talbot, S. (eds.). Bangkok: The Thai Fine Arts Department, 465-474.

BRUNELLO, V., CORTI, C., SANSONETTI, A., TEDESCHI, C., RAMPAZZI, L. (2019). “Non-invasive FTIR study of mortar model samples: Comparison among innovative and traditional techniques”, The European Physical Journal Plus, 134:270. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/i2019-12667-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/i2019-12667-1

CARDOSO, R., PINTO, J. (2015). “Tabique walls composite earth based material characterization in the Alto Douro wine region, Portugal”, Construcţii Journal, 15(2):3-11.

CAYME, J.M., ASOR JR., A. (2016). “Characterization of historical lime mortar from the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines”, Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage, 16:33-44. https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.1973-9494/7164

CAYME, J.M., ASOR JR., A. (2017). “Calcium content of lime mortars from 19th century church ruins in the Philippines using volumetric analysis”, Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, 21(5):1080-1090. https://doi.org/10.17576/mjas-2017-2105-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17576/mjas-2017-2105-10

CAYME, J.M., AURELLANO, R.M., CABRAL, C.L., ALONZO, G.A., ASOR JR., A. (2018). “Assessing the composition of 19th century lime mortars from a mission chapel in the former Hacienda de San Isidro de Mariquina Philippines”, Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi (Journal of Scientific and Applied Chemistry), 21(3):131-138. https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.21.3.131-138. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.21.3.131-138

CAYME, J.M. (2021a). “Analytical chemistry methods of estimating the original firing temperature of bricks from a 19th century convent in the Philippines: Perspective of a Southeast Asian country”, SPAFA Journal, 5. https://doi.org/10.26721/spafajournal.2021.5.651. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26721/spafajournal.2021.5.651

CAYME, J.M., BERMEJO III, A., FRANCIA, C.A.E., ASOR JR., A., MIRANDA, E. (2021b). “Spanish Colonial Period bricks from churches in Laguna, Philippines: A preliminary chemical characterisation using X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray flourescence and Fourier transform infrared”, Journal of Physical Science, 32(2):105-124. https://doi.org/10.21315/jps2021.32.2.8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21315/jps2021.32.2.8

CECCARELLI, L., MOLETTI, C., BELLOTTO, M., DOTELLI, G., STODDART, S. (2020). “Compositional characterization of Etruscan earthen architecture and ceramic production”, Archaeometry, 62(6):1130-1144. https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.12582. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.12582

CHETWIN, J.N. (2007). “XXIII. The remains of wattle and daub structures”. In: The origins of the civilizations of Angkor: The excavation of Noen U-Loke and Non Muang Kao (Vol. II), Higham, C.F.W., Kijngam, A., Talbot, S. (eds.). Bangkok: The Thai Fine Arts Department, 447-464.

DUWE, S. (2005). “Pots, daub, and neutrons: A pilot compositional analysis of Hungarian Early Copper Age clay assemblages”, La Tinaja: A Newsletter of Archaeological Ceramics, 16(1-2): 2-5.

GRAHAM, T. (2003). “Wattle and daub: Craft, conservation and Wiltshire case study”. Master of Science in the Conservation of Historical Buildings at the University of Bath. Dept of Architecture and Civil Engineering. https//doi.org/10.13140/2.1.1875.2806. [accessed: 3/30/2021].

GLEIZE, P.J.P., MOTTA, E.V., SILVA, D.A., ROMAN, H.R. (2009). “Characterization of Historical Mortars from Santa Catarina (Brazil)”, Cement and Concrete Composites, 31(5): 342-346. https//doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.02.013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.02.013

HOLTZ, R., KOVACS, W. (1981). An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

JAVELLANA, R. (1988). “Angels and Gargoyles of Loboc Church”, Philippine Studies, 36(1): 88-97.

JOSE, R.T. (1991). Simbahan: Church Art in Colonial Philippines 1565-1898. Makati: Ayala Museum.

JOSE, R.T. (2001). Visita Iglesia Bohol: A Guide to Historic Churches. Manila: National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA).

JOSE, R.T. (2003). “Palitada: Skin of the church”. In: Skin Surface Essence. Manila: Ateneo Art Gallery, Ayala Foundation, Inc., Eugenio Lopez Foundation, Inc., and Museum Pambata Foundation, Inc., 13-29.

KANG, S-H., LEE, S-O., HONG, S-G., KWON, Y-H., (2019). “Historical and scientific investigations into the use of hydraulic lime in Korea and preventive conservation of historic masonry structures”, Sustainability, 11: 5169. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11195169. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su11195169

MOROPOULOU, A., BAKOLAS, A., MICHAILIDIS, P., CHRONOPOULOS, M., SPANOS, CH. (1995a). “Traditional technologies in Crete providing mortars with effective mechanical properties”. In: Structural Studies, Repairs and Maintenance of Historical Building. WIT Transactions on The Built Environment, Brebbia, C.A. (ed.). WIT Press, 15:151-161. https://doi.org/10.2495/STR950171.

MOROPOULOU, A., BAKOLAS, A., BISBIKOU, K. (1995b). “Characterization of ancient, byzantine and later historic mortars by thermal and X-ray diffraction techniques”, Thermochimica Acta, 269/270: 779-795. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(95)02571-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(95)02571-5

MOROPOULOU, A., BAKOLAS, A., ANAGNOSTOPOULOU, S. (2005). “Composite materials in ancient structures”, Cement & Concrete Composites, 27: 295-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2004.02.018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2004.02.018

MÜLLER, C.M., PEJCIC, B., ESTEBAN, L., PIANE, C.D., RAVEN, M., MIZAIKOFF, B. (2014). “Infrared attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy: An innovative strategy for analyzing mineral components in energy relevant systems”, Scientific Reports, 4:6764. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep06764. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep06764

PARR, J.F., BOYD, W.E. (2002). “The probable industrial origin of archaeological daub at an Iron Age site in Northern Thailand”, Geoarcaheology: An International Journal, 17(3): 285-303. https://doi.org/10.1002/gea.10013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/gea.10013

PINTO, J., VARUM, H., CRUZ, D., SOUSA, D., MORAIS, P., TAVERES, P., LOUSADA, J., SILVA, P., VIEIRA, J. (2010a). “Characterization of traditional tabique constructions in Douro North Valley region”, WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development, 2(6): 93-102.

PINTO, J., VARUM, H., CEPEDA, A., TAVERES, P., LOUSADA, J., SILVA, P., VIEIRA, J. (2010b). “Study of the traditional tabique constructions in Alto Tâmega region”. In: The Sustainable World. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, Brebbia, C.A. (ed.). WIT Press, 142:299-307. https://doi.org/10.2495/SW100281. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2495/SW100281

REYES, F.D. (1928). “The lime industry of the Philippine Islands”. The Philippine Journal of Science, 36(2): 139-155.

SEMBRANO, E.A.M. (2016). “Siquijor’s healing sights: Churches made of ancient ‘tabique pampango’”, Philippine Daily Inquirer. https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/243860/siquijors-healing-sights-churches-made-of-ancient-tabique-pampango/. [accessed: 3/30/2021].

SHERGUR, J., POPELKA, R.S., ROBERTSON, J.D., POLLACK, D. (2003). “Distinct chemical patterns in late Mississippian Caborn-Welborn ceramics of the lower Ohio river valley”, North American Archaeologist, 24(3): 221-243. https://doi.org/10.2190/PT2Q-AV4X-UAWX-EJ1A. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2190/PT2Q-AV4X-UAWX-EJ1A

SINGH, U. (2008). A history of ancient and early medieval India: From the stone age to the 12th century. India: Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd.

SULAS, F., KRISTIANSEN, S., WYNNE-JONES, S. (2019). “Soil geochemistry, phytoliths and artefacts from an early Swahili daub house, Unguja Ukuu, Zanzibar”, Journal of Archaeological Science, 103: 32-45. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jas.2019.01.010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2019.01.010

TAUBALD, H., BIRÓ, K.T. (2007). “Archaeometrical analysis of Neolithic pottery and comparison to potential sources of raw materials in the immediate environment of the settlements – A first summary of the MÖB-DAAD exchange program”, Archeometriai Műhely, 2.

TRAVERO, J.T. (2016). “Soil types and geographical forms of the degraded uplands of Bohol, Philippines”, International Journal of Environmental and Rural Development, 7(2): 1-5. https://doi.org/10.32115/ijerd.7.2_1.

WYŻGOŁ, M., DEPTUŁA, A. (2020). “Living outside the wall: The quarter of wattle-and-daub houses in old Dongola of the Funj Period”, Journal of African Archaeology, 18: 109-132. https://doi.org/10.1163/21915784-20200005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/21915784-20200005

Downloads

Publicado

2022-02-02

Como Citar

Cayme, J.-M. (2022). Química da argamassa de cal do século XIX num Tabique Pampango (Wattle-and-Daub) das Filipinas. Ge-conservacion, 21(1), 55–63. https://doi.org/10.37558/gec.v21i1.1034

Edição

Vol. 21 N.º 1 (2022): Ge-conservación Nº21

Secção

Artículos

Licença

Os autores conservam os direitos de autor e de propriedade intelectual e garantem à revista Ge-Conservación o direito de edição e publicação do trabalho, sob a Creative Commons Attribution License. Este permite a partilha do trabalho, por outros, com o reconhecimento da autoria do trabalho e da publicação inicial nesta revista.

Os artigos podem ser utilizados para fins científicos e formativos, mas nunca com fins comerciais, expressamente, sancionados por Lei.

A informação existente nos artigos é da exclusiva responsabilidade dos autores.

A revista Ge-Conservación e os autores podem estabelecer, em separado, acordos adicionais para a distribuição não exclusiva da versão da obra publicada na revista (por exemplo, colocá-la num repositório institucional ou publicá-la em livro), com o reconhecimento da sua publicação inicial nesta revista.

É permitido e incentivado aos autores difundirem os seus trabalhos, electronicamente (por exemplo, em repositórios institucionais ou no seu próprio site) depois da sua publicação na revista Ge-Conservación, já que pode dar lugar a intercâmbios produtivos, assim como a citações mais amplas e mais cedo dos trabalhos publicados pelo autor.

Os dados pessoais fornecidos pelos autores são utilizados, unicamente, para os fins da revista e não serão proporcionados a terceiros.