Tiempo de respuesta y variación dimensional del papel ante fluctuaciones de humedad relativa: implicaciones para su conservación preventiva

María Sobrino Estalrich; Salvador Muñoz-Viñas

Autores

María Sobrino Estalrich Universitat Politècnica de València https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9630-0350
Salvador Muñoz-Viñas Univeristat Politècnica de València https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0781-2645

Palavras-chave:

humidade relativa, conservação preventiva, papel, variações termo-higrométricas, grande formato, anisotropia

Resumo

A resposta do papel às flutuações da humidade relativa ambiental (HR) constitui um fator determinante para a sua conservação, exposição e armazenamento, especialmente no caso de obras de grande formato. Este estudo analisa o comportamento dimensional de três tipos de papel submetidos a alterações controladas de HR, registando as variações longitudinais e transversais em intervalos de 5 minutos até que seja atingido o equilíbrio higroscópico com o ambiente. Os resultados mostram que a maior parte da variação dimensional ocorre durante os primeiros 10–15 minutos após a alteração da HR, estabilizando antes dos 20 minutos em todos os casos. Confirmou-se ainda um comportamento marcadamente anisotrópico: as expansões foram mais lentas e mais pronunciadas na direção transversal (CD) do que na direção de fabrico (MD). O papel envelhecido apresentou uma resposta menor e uma estabilização mais rápida, o que sugere uma redução na sua capacidade de absorção e dessorção de água, associada ao processo de envelhecimento. Estes resultados permitem compreender melhor os mecanismos e os tempos de resposta do papel face às variações de HR ambiental e fornecem critérios úteis para a conservação preventiva, especialmente no contexto atual de flexibilização das condições ambientais em instituições culturais.

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Biografias Autor

María Sobrino Estalrich, Universitat Politècnica de València

María Sobrino Estalrich realizó sus estudios de grado y máster en la Universitat Politècnica de Valencia (UPV) y actualmente está cursando un doctorado dentro del Programa de Doctorado en Conservación y Restauración de la misma universidad. Su investigación doctoral se enmarca en el proyecto europeo GreenArt, en el que también colabora como investigadora en la UPV. Su campo de estudio se centra en la restauración de obra gráfica y la investigación de nuevos materiales. Asimismo, ha participado en trabajos para el Taller de Obra Gráfica y Documental del Instituto de Restauración del Patrimonio de la UPV como restauradora de diferentes ocasiones.

Salvador Muñoz-Viñas, Univeristat Politècnica de València

Salvador Muñoz-Viñas es Catedrático del Departamento de Conservación y Restauración de la Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV). Es licenciado en geografía e historia por la Universidad de Valencia (UV), y en Bellas Artes por la UPV, además de doctor en bellas artes por esta última institución. Actualmente, es jefe del Taller de Obra Gráfica y Documental del Instituto de Restauración del Patrimonio de la UPV. Ha publicado numerosos artículos y colaboraciones sobre restauración, así como varios libros como Teoría Contemporánea de la Restauración, La restauración de papel, o On the Ethics of Cultural Heritage Conservation.

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