Uso de geotecnologías en la reproducción y recuperación del patrimonio, reflexión ética y estudio de caso

Autores/as

Palabras clave:

Conservación, Restauración, Ética, Piedra, Escultura, Reproducción CNC

Resumen

Todos nosotros, así como los objetos que nos rodean, estamos en un proceso permanente de degradación por la simple razón de que estamos posicionados en la superficie de la Tierra e interactuamos con la atmósfera que nos rodea. La degradación de todas las cosas, es un proceso evolutivo y conduce inevitablemente a la no existencia, dentro de un plazo más o menos corto - en algún momento en el futuro, de hecho, no habrá pirámides en Egipto, ni Mona Lisa en el Louvre, ni Big Ben en Londres, en ese momento, se podría considerar prudente haber hecho al menos algunas copias; o no. También podemos considerar la hipótesis de que, llegados a ese punto, hayamos dejado de dar importancia al pasado, pensando sólo en el futuro inmediato. En este artículo pretendemos hacer una reflexión ética sobre la encrucijada en la que nos encontramos y presentar un ejemplo de restauración que utiliza la tecnología para “crear hoy un nuevo arte antiguo”, pero que mantiene en nuestra realidad actual un patrimonio que ya se había perdido (en cuanto a su integridad física) para la restauración mediante métodos tradicionales. Como resultado del trabajo de todos los expertos involucrados, se reinstaló in situ una reproducción de piedra mecanizada por CNC para reemplazar la irrecuperable que originalmente se encontraba dentro de un entorno escultórico simétrico. Se mencionan las particularidades del equipo utilizado que permitieron resolver este desafío de restauración, así como las preocupaciones éticas que surgieron durante todo el proceso.

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Biografía del autor/a

Fernando Manuel da Conceição Costa, Techn&Art - Technology, Restoration and Arts Enhancement Center, Instituto Politécnico de Tomar, Portugal

Profesor adjunto del Instituto Politécnico de Tomar donde ejerce funciones de docente del curso de Conservación y Restauración desde 1994 y en el Mastér desde 2008. Máster en Recuperación del Patrimonio Arquitectónico y Paisajístico por la Universidad de Évora, posse un título de Espacialista en la area de Materiales Pétreos. És mienbro del Cientro de Investigación TECHN&ART y coordinador del Curso Técnico Superior Professional de Conservación y Talla de Piedra. Ha desarrollado varios trabajos en la area de conservación y restauración de piedra en el patrimonio protegido.

Maria Julia Sobral da Fonseca, Freelancer Conservation and Restoration designer for Classified Property Heritage

Has a degree in Stone Conservation and Restoration and a Master's Degree in Chemistry Applied to Cultural Heritage. She began his professional career as conservator-restorer in June 1997, quickly directing her professional activity towards archaeological sites as the Monastery of Santa Clara-a-Velha (Coimbra - 1997-1998, 2006-2008, 200-2014), the archaeological site of Idanha-a-Velha, Castelo Branco (1998-2000) and Monastery of S. João Tarouca (Lamego- 2000-2006). She also has experience as a trainer at the Professional School of Archaeology, Freixo, Marco de Canaveses (2001-2007), at the Italian Chamber of Commerce, in Porto (2002-2003) and in CEARTE, Coimbra (2014-2017), but also in supervision (Conservation and Restoration) of heritage enhancement projects in Monastery of Sta. Clara-a-Velha, Coimbra (2006-2008) and in the Cathedral of Viseu (2022-2023), and had a scholarship from the Foundation for Science and Technology (2006-2008). She is currently a freelancer Conservation and Restoration designer for Classified Property Heritage (Portugal – Lisbon’s Cathedral, Church of St. John the Baptist in Tomar, Church of St. Dominic in Viana do Castelo, Major Seminary in Coimbra and, Wall and Tower of the Blacksmiths in Guarda).

João Duarte, Universidad de Coimbra

João Duarte, completed his PhD in Geological and Mining Engineering (Geotechnologies) in 2018/10/26 from the University of Coimbra, his MSc in Geological and Mining Engineering in 2010 from the University of Coimbra and his BSc in Geology in 1993 from the University of Coimbra. He is a Researcher at the Geosciences Center of the University of Coimbra and a Senior Technician at IQGeo - Serviços, Lda. He has published 10 articles in specialized journals. He has written 1 book chapter. He has supervised 2 master's dissertations and co-supervised 4. He participates and/or has participated in 3 projects. He has been a researcher in the field of Earth and Environmental Sciences - Geology, linked to the industry since 1993. He has worked in the exploration, exploitation and transformation of geological resources, in the fields of Geology and Geotechnics, Geological and Geotechnical Prospecting, Quarrying, Industry and Environment and Aerial (UAV) and Terrestrial Surveys. At the same time, he has carried out research in the areas of hydrogeological prospecting in Cape Verde and Portugal, planning of ornamental and industrial rock exploitation, monitoring of coastal erosion and recognition of archaeological structures, conservation and restoration of heritage using geotechnologies. He has also taken part in projects in the areas of tourism, the enhancement of geological, environmental and social heritage in Cape Verde, as well as geotechnological projects involving drones (UAVs). 1. Drones4Litter - Detection of Marine Litter in coastal areas using unmanned aerial systems (drones); 2. Georeferenced Information and Mapping Cabo Verde Tourism Resources; 3. Geoheritage of São Nicolau Island: Geotourist valorization (DRACAENA GEOPARK). He has been registered with the DGEG as the technical manager of quarries since 2004 and with the Order of Engineers in the specialty of Geological and Mining Engineering since 2022. He was designated Coordinator of IPN LABGEO in February 2024.

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Publicado

2026-01-20

Cómo citar

Costa, F. M. da C., Sobral da Fonseca, M. J., & Duarte, J. (2026). Uso de geotecnologías en la reproducción y recuperación del patrimonio, reflexión ética y estudio de caso. Ge-conservacion, 29(1), 06–17. Recuperado a partir de https://revista.ge-iic.com/index.php/revista/article/view/1398