Utilização de geotecnologias na reprodução e recuperação de património, reflexão ética e caso de estudo

Autores

Palavras-chave:

Conservação, Restauro, Ética, Pedra, Escultura, Reprodução CNC

Resumo

Todos nós, tal como os objetos que nos rodeiam, estamos em permanente processo de degradação pela simples razão de nos situarmos sobre a superfície do globo terrestre e interagirmos com a atmosfera que nos envolve. Desta circunstância decorre, que, inexoravelmente, padecemos de processos oxidativos - uma imprecação incontornável que, em simultâneo, nos autoriza as comodidades da nossa natureza terrena. A degradação, de todos, é um processo evolutivo e conduz inevitavelmente à não existência, num limite temporal mais ou menos curto - em algum momento do futuro, não existirão, de facto, as pirâmides no Egipto, a Mona Lisa no Louvre, ou, Big Ben em Londres, etc. – nessa altura, talvez a venha a ser considerado previdente termos feito pelo menos algumas cópias; ou não. Também podemos considerar a hipótese de, por essa altura, já termos deixado de dar importância ao passado, só pensando no futuro imediato, como a maioria dos animais que hoje nos rodeiam. Neste artigo pretendemos apresentar uma reflexão ética sobre a encruzilhada em que nos encontramos e apresentar um exemplo de uma intervenção que faz uso de tecnologia para “criar arte antiga hoje”, mas que mantém na nossa realidade atual património que já se tinha perdido quanto à sua integridade física para além dos limites da recuperação pelo restauro tradicional. Como resultado final do trabalho de todos os peritos envolvidos foi recolocada in situ a reprodução de uma escultura em pedra, produzida por CNC, para substituir a irrecuperável que originalmente se situava num enquadramento escultórico simétrico. São referidas as particularidades do equipamento utilizado que permitiram resolver este desafio de restauro, bem como as preocupações éticas surgidas ao longo de todo o seu processo.

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.

Biografias Autor

Fernando Manuel da Conceição Costa, Techn&Art - Technology, Restoration and Arts Enhancement Center, Instituto Politécnico de Tomar, Portugal

Professor Adjunto do Instituto Politécnico de Tomar onde exerce funções docentes na Licenciatura em Conservação e Restauro desde 1994 e no Mestrado desde 2008. É Mestre em Recuperação do Património Arquitetónico e Paisagístico pela Universidade de Évora e possui título de Especialista na área de Materiais Pétreos. É membro do Centro de Investigação TECHN&ART e Coordenador do Curso Técnico Superior Profissional de Conservação e Talhe de Pedra. Tem desenvolvido diversos trabalhos na área de conservação e restauro de pedra em património classificado.

Maria Julia Sobral da Fonseca, Freelancer Conservation and Restoration designer for Classified Property Heritage

Has a degree in Stone Conservation and Restoration and a Master's Degree in Chemistry Applied to Cultural Heritage. She began his professional career as conservator-restorer in June 1997, quickly directing her professional activity towards archaeological sites as the Monastery of Santa Clara-a-Velha (Coimbra - 1997-1998, 2006-2008, 200-2014), the archaeological site of Idanha-a-Velha, Castelo Branco (1998-2000) and Monastery of S. João Tarouca (Lamego- 2000-2006). She also has experience as a trainer at the Professional School of Archaeology, Freixo, Marco de Canaveses (2001-2007), at the Italian Chamber of Commerce, in Porto (2002-2003) and in CEARTE, Coimbra (2014-2017), but also in supervision (Conservation and Restoration) of heritage enhancement projects in Monastery of Sta. Clara-a-Velha, Coimbra (2006-2008) and in the Cathedral of Viseu (2022-2023), and had a scholarship from the Foundation for Science and Technology (2006-2008). She is currently a freelancer Conservation and Restoration designer for Classified Property Heritage (Portugal – Lisbon’s Cathedral, Church of St. John the Baptist in Tomar, Church of St. Dominic in Viana do Castelo, Major Seminary in Coimbra and, Wall and Tower of the Blacksmiths in Guarda).

DUARTE, João, Universidade de Coimbra

João Duarte, completed his PhD in Geological and Mining Engineering (Geotechnologies) in 2018/10/26 from the University of Coimbra, his MSc in Geological and Mining Engineering in 2010 from the University of Coimbra and his BSc in Geology in 1993 from the University of Coimbra. He is a Researcher at the Geosciences Center of the University of Coimbra and a Senior Technician at IQGeo - Serviços, Lda. He has published 10 articles in specialized journals. He has written 1 book chapter. He has supervised 2 master's dissertations and co-supervised 4. He participates and/or has participated in 3 projects. He has been a researcher in the field of Earth and Environmental Sciences - Geology, linked to the industry since 1993. He has worked in the exploration, exploitation and transformation of geological resources, in the fields of Geology and Geotechnics, Geological and Geotechnical Prospecting, Quarrying, Industry and Environment and Aerial (UAV) and Terrestrial Surveys. At the same time, he has carried out research in the areas of hydrogeological prospecting in Cape Verde and Portugal, planning of ornamental and industrial rock exploitation, monitoring of coastal erosion and recognition of archaeological structures, conservation and restoration of heritage using geotechnologies. He has also taken part in projects in the areas of tourism, the enhancement of geological, environmental and social heritage in Cape Verde, as well as geotechnological projects involving drones (UAVs). 1. Drones4Litter - Detection of Marine Litter in coastal areas using unmanned aerial systems (drones); 2. Georeferenced Information and Mapping Cabo Verde Tourism Resources; 3. Geoheritage of São Nicolau Island: Geotourist valorization (DRACAENA GEOPARK). He has been registered with the DGEG as the technical manager of quarries since 2004 and with the Order of Engineers in the specialty of Geological and Mining Engineering since 2022. He was designated Coordinator of IPN LABGEO in February 2024.

Referências

3D-ICONS - 3D Digitization of Icons of European Architectural and Archaeological Heritage. http://3dicons-project.eu/. [consulted: 03/04/2025].

APPELBAUM, B. (2010). ”Methodology Conservation Treatment”. Journal of the American Institute for Conservation. 49: 53-55. https://doi.org/10.2307/41320433

ARTEC 3D. “Scanner Artec Eva | Best Structured-light 3D Scanning Device”. https://www.artec3d.com/es/portable-3d-scanners/artec-eva?keyword=artec%20eva&gad_source=1&gad_campaignid=12711727109&gbraid=0AAAAAD76GcMpmBOt1cxmF3Fdla1767R--&gclid=Cj0KCQiAyP3KBhD9ARIsAAJLnnamqGXIKw0-PO8zm8XQqZA5E2ZVZT4bod6hGtTEjlzUeyrp_jHyszUaAm-9EALw_wcB

BALBINO, F. (2021). “Caracterização Metrológica de Scanners Ópticos Tridimensionais por Projeção de Luz Estruturada Aplicados a Ensaios de Coletes Balísticos”, Pontifícia Universidade Católica, Rio de Janeiro.

BRANDI, C. (1977). Teoria del Restauro. Torino: Giulio Einaudi Editore.

BATLLE, J., MOUADDIB E., SALVI J. (1998). “Recent progress in coded structured light as a technique to solve the correspondence problem: a survey”. In Pattern Recognition, 31 (7): 963-982. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-3203(97)00074-5

BENJAMIN, W. (2017). “The work of art in the age of mechanical reproduction”. In: A Museum studies approach to heritage. Routledge, 226-243.

BRITISH MUSEUM, UK: “Jadeite Cabbage, Unknown, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), National Palace Museum, Taiwan”. https://artsandculture.google.com/story/hAXhy-4s3wl8KA?hl=en. [consulted: 03/04/2025].

CALVI, L., HOVER, M., de BRITO, M. (2024). “Preservation and memory in the age of new media”. In HeriCC 1ST International Conference Heritage, Conservation and Creativity - Cultural Heritage in transformation, TECHN&ART, Polytechnic University of Tomar, 9 October 2024

CARAVELLO, E. (2024). “Geotecnologie per i siti UNESCO del Mediterraneo. Il progetto iHeritage: ICT Mediterranean platform for UNESCO cultural heritage”. Bollettino della Società Geografica Italiana serie 14, 7(2): 169-179. https://doi.org/10.36253/bsgi-7450

EURONEWS. (2021). “O David, de Miguel Ângelo, está a ser reproduzido em 3D”. https://pt.euronews.com/cultura/2021/04/14/o-david-de-miguel-angelo-esta-a-ser-reproduzido-em-3d. [consulted: 3/4/2025].

FRESATOR. “Soluções para a indústria dos mármores, granitos e aglomerados”. https://www.fresator.pt/. [consulted: 03/04/2025].

KEMP, J. (2023). “Conservators, creativity, and control”. In Studies in Conservation. https://doi.org/10.1080/00393630.2025.2484910

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, Sustainability of Digital Formats: Planning for Library of Congress Collections. “Polygon File Format (PLY) Family”. https://www.loc.gov/preservation/digital/formats/fdd/fdd000501.shtml. https://docs.fileformat.com/3d/ply/. [consulted: 03/04/2025].

LIU, J.; WILLKENS, D.;GENTRY, R. (2025). “Developing a Practice Based Guide to Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) for Heritage Documentation”. Heritage, 8 (8), 313. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage8080313

LOUVRE, Paris. https://www.louvre.fr/en/exhibitions-and-events/exhibitions/masterpieces-from-the-torlonia-collection. [consulted: 03/04/2025].

MORRIS, W. (1996). “Reading 31: Manifesto of the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings”. In Historical and Philosophical Issues in the Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Berland, D. (coord). Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute, 319 - 321.

NOGUEIRA, A., CHASQUEIRA, Â., TRIÃES, R. (2024) “Walking tour around the Creative Conservation interventions on Display”, TECHN&ART, Polytechnic University of Tomar, 9 October 2024.

PHILIPPOT, P. (1996). “Reading 38: Historic preservation: philosophy, criteria, guidelines, II”. In Historical and Philosophical Issues in the Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Berland, D. (coord). Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute, 358 - 363.

PINELLI, O. R. (1996). “Reading 29: The surgery of memory: ancient sculptures and historical restorations”. In Historical and Philosophical Issues in the Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Berland, D. (coord). Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute, 288 - 305.

SUCHOCKI, C., OKRÓJ S., BŁASZCZAK-BĄK, W. (2023). “ Methodology for the measurement and 3D modelling of cultural heritage: a case study of the Monument to the Polish Diaspora Bond with the Homeland”. Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics, 116: 1–8. https://doi.org/10.2478/rgg-2023-0005

TRUE, M (2003). “Changings approaches to conservation”. In History of Restoration of Ancient Stone Sculptures, Gilman B. (coord). Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute, 1 - 11.

VIÑAS, S. M. (2003). Teoria contemporânea de la Restauración. Madrid: Editorial Síntesis, S. A.

A. M. V. (1996). “Restoration and Anti-Restoration - Introdution to part V”. In Historical and Philosophical Issues in the Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Berland, D. (coord). Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute, 308 - 313.

Publicado

2026-01-20

Como Citar

Costa, F. M. da C., Sobral da Fonseca, M. J., & Duarte, J. (2026). Utilização de geotecnologias na reprodução e recuperação de património, reflexão ética e caso de estudo. Ge-conservacion, 29(1), 06–17. Obtido de https://revista.ge-iic.com/index.php/revista/article/view/1398